Sex and Gender – Dance of Life Episode 7
Infant dependency in humans may have lead to the common pattern that we see in humans of pair-bonding. It may be that this put a very strong selective pressure on male parental involvement, which lead to the formation of pair-bonds in humans.
婴儿依赖大人可能导致了我们人类的一夫一妻关系。这可能对父方的参与造成了非常强烈的选择性压力，导致人类一夫一妻关系的形成。
2148-2154
Hostess To study how pair-bonding happens, researchers have turned to a small, brown rodent, called the prairie vole.
为了弄清楚配偶关系是怎样形成的，研究人员研究了一种叫做野鼠的褐色小啮齿动物。
2155-2211
Sue Carter F4（青年女）：on camera Early in our studies of the prairie vole we realized that when animals mated, their behavior changed very dramatically. If a female had mated with a male, she became, she began to prefer him. She, she seemed to become attached to him.
在我们对野鼠的早期研究中，我们认识到：当动物交配时，它们的行为变化非常大。一只雌性动物在和一只雄性动物交配后，会更喜欢这只雄性动物，似乎迷恋上了它。
2212-2223
Hostess Professor Sue Carter and her team at the University of Maryland looked at the hormone called oxytocin, which is produced during pregnancy, and known to promote mothering, as well as other behaviors.
马里兰大学的休·卡特教授和她的小组研究一种叫做催产素的荷尔蒙。这种荷尔蒙产生于怀孕期间，具有促进生育以及其他行为的作用。
[on camera] <Oxytocin>
2225-2231
Sue Carter F4（青年女）： And very simply, when you give oxytocin to a female, it speeds up the rate at which she forms a social attachment for her partner.
很简单，当你为一只雌性动物注入催产素后，能够加速它对配偶产生爱慕的速度。
2234-2253
Sue Carter F4（青年女）： In male prairie voles, the changes after mating are also quite interesting. Before a male prairie vole mates, the males are very friendly. They’re very non-aggressive, very good to each other. As soon as the male has mated, he becomes intensely aggressive, so aggressive that if he has to, he will kill a stranger in order to keep him out of his territory.
在交配后，公野鼠的变化也非常有趣。公在交配前非常友善，攻击性不是很强，彼此非常友好。一旦交配，公野鼠就变得极其好斗，如果有必要，它就会杀死涉足自己领地的入侵者。
2255-2305
Hostess Hormones again. Vasopressin was also found to be released in males during mating. This hormone has been shown to influence territorial behavior.
研究发现，雄性在交配期间也释放抗利尿激素。这种荷尔蒙能够影响地盘性行为。
[on camera] <Vasopressin>
2306-2315
Sue Carter F4（青年女）：on camera So our evidence suggests that vasopressin plays a very important role in the onset of the aggressiveness or the mate-defensive component of monogamy.
有证据表明：抗利尿激素对于单配性动物攻击性的形成起着非常重要的作用。
2317-2326
Hostess If some of the chemically-controlled behavior of the prairie vole seems familiar, perhaps it’s because human beings also produce oxytocin and vasopressin.
如果野鼠一些受化学物质控制的行为看上去很熟悉，也许是因为人类也产生催产素和抗利尿激素。
2329-2350
Sue Carter F4（青年女）：on camera The important question that many people would like to know the answer to is whether or not these hormones have the same behavioral effects in humans, ’cause they do in animals. And the answer unfortunately right now is, we don’t know. Nature is conservative. It’s a good guess if it has an effect on behavior in one species, it may have an effect in humans.
很多人想知道答案的一个重要问题是：这些荷尔蒙在人类身上是否和在动物身上具有同样的行为效果？令人遗憾的是，现在的答案是：我们不知道。自然界是谨慎的。我们猜想：如果它对一个物种有种作用，它就很有可能对人类有种作用。
2354-2406
Hostess In species like birds, where infants need a lot of care, pair-bonding is common. Forty-five percent of bird species mate for life, and another forty-five percent stay faithful through the breeding season.
鸟类的幼雏需要很多照料，所以一对一的配偶关系很常见。有45%种鸟是雌雄结伴终身，还有45%在繁殖季节保持忠实。
2408-2435
Hostess Monogamy is rare among mammals. Only three percent take a single spouse for a lifetime. Human beings are an exception, more or less. Studies show a quarter of American married men and a fifth of American married women admit to having had adulterous affairs, and half the marriages in the U.S. fail, by the fourth year on average. Perhaps we aren’t all programmed for lifetime bonding.
在哺乳动物中，单配偶非常少见。只有3%的哺乳动物在一生中只有一个配偶。人类或多或少是个例外。研究表明：四分之一的已婚美国男性和五分之一的已婚美国女性承认有过越轨行为，而且在美国，有半数的婚姻通常在第四年的时候失败。也许我们都不可能维持终身配偶关系。
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